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Q51. - (Topic 2) 

Refer to the exhibit. 

When running EIGRP, what is required for RouterA to exchange routing updates with RouterC? 

A. AS numbers must be changed to match on all the routers 

B. Loopback interfaces must be configured so a DR is elected 

C. The no auto-summary command is needed on Router A and Router C 

D. Router B needs to have two network statements, one for each connected network 

Answer: A Explanation: 

Here we required same autonomous system between router A,B,C.Routing updated always exchange between in same EIGRP EIGRP autonomous system.you can configure more than one EIGRP autonomous system on the same router. This is typically done at a redistribution point where two EIGRP autonomous systems are interconnected. Individual router interfaces should only be included within a single EIGRP autonomous system. Cisco does not recommend running multiple EIGRP autonomous systems on the same set of interfaces on the router. If multiple EIGRP autonomous systems are used with multiple points of mutual redistribution, it can cause discrepancies in the EIGRP topology table if correct filtering is not performed at the redistribution points. If possible, Cisco recommends you configure only one EIGRP autonomous system in any single autonomous system. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_tech_note09186a0080093f07.shtml 


Q52. - (Topic 2) 

What information does a router running a link-state protocol use to build and maintain its topological database? (Choose two.) 

A. hello packets 

B. SAP messages sent by other routers 

C. LSAs from other routers 

D. beacons received on point-to-point links 

E. routing tables received from other link-state routers 

F. TTL packets from designated routers 

Answer: A,C 

Explanation: 

Link State Routing Protocols http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=24090&seqNum=4 

Link state protocols, sometimes called shortest path first or distributed database protocols, are built around a well-known algorithm from graph theory, E. W. Dijkstra'a shortest path algorithm. Examples of link state routing protocols are: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) for IP The ISO's Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) for CLNS and IP DEC's DNA Phase V Novell's NetWare Link Services Protocol (NLSP) Although link state protocols are rightly considered more complex than distance vector protocols, the basic functionality is not complex at all: 

1. Each router establishes a relationship—an adjacency—with each of its neighbors. 

2. Each router sends link state advertisements (LSAs), some 

3. Each router stores a copy of all the LSAs it has seen in a database. If all works well, the databases in all routers should be identical. 

4. The completed topological database, also called the link state database, describes a graph of the internetwork. Using the Dijkstra algorithm, each router calculates the shortest path to each network and enters this information into the route table. 


Q53. - (Topic 2) 

Which command is used to display the collection of OSPF link states? 

A. show ip ospf link-state 

B. show ip ospf lsa database 

C. show ip ospf neighbors 

D. show ip ospf database 

Answer:

Explanation: 

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/iproute_ospf/command/reference/iro_osp3.html#wp1 01217 Examples The following is sample output from the show ip ospf database command when no arguments or keywords are used: Router# show ip ospf database OSPF Router with id(192.168.239.66) (Process ID 300) 


Q54. - (Topic 2) 

Refer to the exhibit. 

Assume that all of the router interfaces are operational and configured correctly. How will router R2 be affected by the configuration of R1 that is shown in the exhibit? 

A. Router R2 will not form a neighbor relationship with R1. 

B. Router R2 will obtain a full routing table, including a default route, from R1. 

C. R2 will obtain OSPF updates from R1, but will not obtain a default route from R1. 

D. R2 will not have a route for the directly connected serial network, but all other directly connected networks will be present, as well as the two Ethernet networks connected to R1. 

Answer:

Explanation: 

Open Shortest Path First http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Shortest_Path_First 

The configuration of R1 shows "router ospf 1" however, the diagram also shows that both routers should be in the backbone OSPF Area of "0". When routers are in different OSPF areas they will not form a neighbor relationship. Neighbor relationships As a link state routing protocol, OSPF establishes and maintains neighbor relationships in order to exchange routing updates with other routers. The neighbor relationship table is called an adjacency database in OSPF. Provided that OSPF is configured correctly, OSPF forms neighbor relationships only with the routers directly connected to it. In order to form a neighbor relationship between two routers, the interfaces used to form the relationship must be in the same area. Generally an interface is only configured in a single area, however you can configure an interface to belong to multiple areas. In the second area, such an interface must be configured as a secondary interface. (A neighbor state simulation shows how neighbor state changes from Down to Full Adjacency progressively with exchanging Hello, DD, Request, Update, and Ack packets). 


Q55. - (Topic 1) 

At which layer of the OSI model is RSTP used to prevent loops? 

A. physical 

B. data link 

C. network 

D. transport 

Answer:

Explanation: RSTP and STP operate on switches and are based on the exchange of Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) between switches. One of the most important fields in BPDUs is the Bridge Priority in which the MAC address is used to elect the Root Bridge , RSTP operates at Layer 2. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk389/tk621/technologies_white_paper09186a0080094cf a.shtml 


Q56. - (Topic 3) 

Which protocol is an open standard protocol framework that is commonly used in VPNs, to provide secure end-to-end communications? 

A. RSA 

B. L2TP 

C. IPsec 

D. PPTP 

Answer:

Explanation: 

Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a technology protocol suite for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating and/or encrypting each IP packet of a communication session. IPsec also includes protocols for establishing mutual authentication between agents at the beginning of the session and negotiation of cryptographic keys to be used during the session. 


Q57. - (Topic 3) 

What is the result of issuing the frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 202 broadcast command? 

A. defines the destination IP address that is used in all broadcast packets on DCLI 202 

B. defines the source IP address that is used in all broadcast packets on DCLI 202 

C. defines the DLCI on which packets from the 192.168.1.2 IP address are received 

D. defines the DLCI that is used for all packets that are sent to the 192.168.1.2 IP address 

Answer:

Explanation: 

Frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 202 command statically defines a mapping between a network layer address and a DLCI. The broadcast option allows multicast and broadcast packets to flow across the link. The command frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 202 broadcast means to mapping the distal IP 192.168.1.2 202 to the local DLCI . When the “broadcast” keyword is included, it turns Frame Relay network as a broadcast network, which can forward broadcasts. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/wan/command/reference/wan_f2.html#wp1012264 


Q58. DRAG DROP - (Topic 2) 

Answer: Explanation: 

poison reverse: A router learns from its neighbor that a route is down and the router sends an update back to the neighbor with an infinite metric to that routeLSA: The packets flooded when a topology change occurs, causing network routers to update their topological databases and recalculate routes split horizon: This prevents sending information about a routeback out the same interface that originally learned about the route holddown timer: For a given period, this causes the router to ignore any updates with poorer metrics to a lost network 

The internetwork infrastructure of company XYZ consists of a single OSPF area as shown in the graphic. There is concern that a lack of router resources is impeding internetwork performance. As part of examining the router resources, the OSPF DRs need to be known. All the router OSPF priorities are at the default and the router IDs are shown with each router. 

Which routers are likely to have been elected as DR? (Choose two.) 

A. Corp-1 

B. Corp-2 

C. Corp-3 

D. Corp-4 

E. Branch-1 

F. Branch-2 

Answer: D,F 

Explanation: There are 2 segments on the topology above which are separated by Corp-3 router. Each segment will have a DR so we have 2 DRs. 

To select which router will become DR they will compare their router-IDs. The router with highest (best) router-ID will become DR. The router-ID is chosen in the order below: 

The highest IP address assigned to a loopback (logical) interface. 

If a loopback interface is not defined, the highest IP address of all active router’s physical interfaces will be chosen. 

In this question, the IP addresses of loopback interfaces are not mentioned so we will consider IP addresses of all active router’s physical interfaces. Router Corp-4 (10.1.40.40) & Branch-2 (10.2.20.20) have highest “active” IP addresses so they will become DRs. 


Q59. - (Topic 3) 

In the Frame Relay network, 

which IP addresses would be assigned to the interfaces with point-to-point PVCs? 

A. DLCI 16 192.168.10.1/24 DLCI 17 192.168.10.1/24 DLCI 99 192.168.10.2/24 DLCI 28 192.168.10.3/24 

B. DLCI 16 192.168.10.1 /24 DLCI 17 192.168.11.1/24 DLCI 99 192.168.12.1/24 DLCI 28 192.168.13.1/24 

C. DLCI 16 192.168.10.1/24 DLCI 17 192.168.11.1/24 DLCI 99 192.168.10.2/24 DLCI 28 192.168.11.2/24 

D. DLCI 16 192.168.10.1/24 DLCI 17 192.168.10.2/24 DLCI 99 192.168.10.3/24 DLCI 28 192.168.10.4/24 

Answer:

Explanation: 

DLCI 16 and DLCI 19 need to act like a point-to-point link and will therefore need to be on the same network as will DLCI 17 and DLCI 28. With this information we can see that option "B" is the only option that has the corresponding DLCI's on the same network based on the ip addresses and subnetmask. Option "D" is incorrect because, this would put the same network on both interfaces of the R2 router. Option "A" is similar. 


Q60. - (Topic 3) 

What occurs on a Frame Relay network when the CIR is exceeded? 

A. All TCP traffic is marked discard eligible. 

B. All UDP traffic is marked discard eligible and a BECN is sent. 

C. All TCP traffic is marked discard eligible and a BECN is sent. 

D. All traffic exceeding the CIR is marked discard eligible. 

Answer:

Explanation: 

Committed information rate (CIR): The minimum guaranteed data transfer rate agreed to by the Frame Relay switch. Frames that are sent in excess of the CIR are marked as discard eligible (DE) which means they can be dropped if the congestion occurs within the Frame Relay network. Note: In the Frame Relay frame format, there is a bit called Discard eligible (DE) bit that is used to identify frames that are first to be dropped when the CIR is exceeded.