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Q231. If an attacker's computer sends an IPID of 24333 to a zombie (Idle Scanning) computer on a closed port, what will be the response?
A. The zombie computer will respond with an IPID of 24334.
B. The zombie computer will respond with an IPID of 24333.
C. The zombie computer will not send a response.
D. The zombie computer will respond with an IPID of 24335.
Answer: C
Q232. Samantha was hired to perform an internal security test of company. She quickly realized that all networks are making use of switches instead of traditional hubs. This greatly limits her ability to gather information through network sniffing.
Which of the following techniques can she use to gather information from the switched network or to disable some of the traffic isolation features of the switch? (Choose two)
A. Ethernet Zapping
B. MAC Flooding
C. Sniffing in promiscuous mode
D. ARP Spoofing
Answer: BD
Explanation: In a typical MAC flooding attack, a switch is flooded with packets, each containing different source MAC addresses. The intention is to consume the limited memory set aside in the switch to store the MAC address-to-physical port translation table.The result of this attack causes the switch to enter a state called failopen mode, in which all incoming packets are broadcast out on all ports (as with a hub), instead of just down the correct port as per normal operation. The principle of ARP spoofing is to send fake, or 'spoofed', ARP messages to an Ethernet LAN. These frames contain false MAC addresses, confusing network devices, such as network switches. As a result frames intended for one machine can be mistakenly sent to another (allowing the packets to be sniffed) or an unreachable host (a denial of service attack).
Q233. What port number is used by LDAP protocol?
A. 110
B. 389
C. 445
D. 464
Answer: B
Explanation: Active Directory and Exchange use LDAP via TCP port 389 for clients.
Q234. In the following example, which of these is the "exploit"?
Today, Microsoft Corporation released a security notice. It detailed how a person could bring down the Windows 2003 Server operating system, by sending malformed packets to it. They detailed how this malicious process had been automated using basic scripting. Even worse, the new automated method for bringing down the server has already been used to perform denial of service attacks on many large commercial websites.
Select the best answer.
A. Microsoft Corporation is the exploit.
B. The security "hole" in the product is the exploit.
C. Windows 2003 Server
D. The exploit is the hacker that would use this vulnerability.
E. The documented method of how to use the vulnerability to gain unprivileged access.
Answer: E
Explanations:
Microsoft is not the exploit, but if Microsoft documents how the vulnerability can be used to gain unprivileged access, they are creating the exploit. If they just say that there is a hole in the product, then it is only a vulnerability. The security "hole" in the product is called the "vulnerability". It is documented in a way that shows how to use the vulnerability to gain unprivileged access, and it then becomes an "exploit". In the example given, Windows 2003 Server is the TOE (Target of Evaluation). A TOE is an IT System, product or component that requires security evaluation or is being identified. The hacker that would use this vulnerability is exploiting it, but the hacker is not the exploit. The documented method of how to use the vulnerability to gain unprivileged access is the correct answer.
Q235. Bob has been hired to perform a penetration test on ABC.com. He begins by looking at IP address ranges owned by the company and details of domain name registration. He then goes to News Groups and financial web sites to see if they are leaking any sensitive information of have any technical details online.
Within the context of penetration testing methodology, what phase is Bob involved with?
A. Passive information gathering
B. Active information gathering
C. Attack phase
D. Vulnerability Mapping
Answer: A
Explanation: He is gathering information and as long as he doesn’t make contact with any of the targets systems he is considered gathering this information in a passive mode.
Q236. William has received a Tetris game from someone in his computer programming class through email. William does not really know the person who sent the game very well, but decides to install the game anyway because he really likes Tetris.
After William installs the game, he plays it for a couple of hours. The next day, William plays the Tetris game again and notices that his machines have begun to slow down. He brings up his Task Manager and sees the following programs running (see Screenshot):
What has William just installed?
A. Remote Access Trojan (RAT)
B. Zombie Zapper (ZoZ)
C. Bot IRC Tunnel (BIT)
D. Root Digger (RD)
Answer: A
Explanation: RATs are malicious programs that run invisibly on host PCs and permit an intruder remote access and control. On a basic level, many RATs mimic the functionality of legitimate remote control programs such as Symantec's pcAnywhere but are designed specifically for stealth installation and operation. Intruders usually hide these Trojan horses in games and other small programs that unsuspecting users then execute on their PCs. Typically, exploited users either download and execute the malicious programs or are tricked into clicking rogue email attachments.
Q237. On wireless networks, SSID is used to identify the network. Why are SSID not considered to be a good security mechanism to protect a wireless networks?
A. The SSID is only 32 bits in length.
B. The SSID is transmitted in clear text.
C. The SSID is the same as the MAC address for all vendors.
D. The SSID is to identify a station, not a network.
Answer: B
Explanation: The SSID IS constructed to identify a network, it IS NOT the same as the MAC address and SSID’s consists of a maximum of 32 alphanumeric characters.
Q238. Mark works as a contractor for the Department of Defense and is in charge of network security. He has spent the last month securing access to his network from all possible entry points. He has segmented his network into several subnets and has installed firewalls all over the network. He has placed very stringent rules on all the firewalls, blocking everything in and out except ports that must be used. He does need to have port 80 open since his company hosts a website that must be accessed from the Internet. Mark is fairly confident of his perimeter defense, but is still worried about programs like Hping2 that can get into a network through convert channels.
How should mark protect his network from an attacker using Hping2 to scan his internal network?
A. Blocking ICMP type 13 messages
B. Block All Incoming traffic on port 53
C. Block All outgoing traffic on port 53
D. Use stateful inspection on the firewalls
Answer: A
Explanation: An ICMP type 13 message is an ICMP timestamp request and waits for an ICMP timestamp reply. The remote node is right to do, still it would not be necessary as it is optional and thus many ip stacks ignore such packets. Nevertheless, nmap again achived to make its packets unique by setting the originating timestamp field in the packet to 0.
Q239. Jeffery works at a large financial firm in Dallas, Texas as a securities analyst. Last week, the IT department of his company installed a wireless network throughout the building. The problem is, is that they are only going to make it available to upper management and the IT department.
Most employees don't have a problem with this since they have no need for wireless networking, but Jeffery would really like to use wireless since he has a personal laptop that he works from as much as he can. Jeffery asks the IT manager if he could be allowed to use the wireless network but he is turned down. Jeffery is not satisfied, so he brings his laptop in to work late one night and tries to get access to the network. Jeffery uses the wireless utility on his laptop, but cannot see any wireless networks available. After about an hour of trying to figure it out, Jeffery cannot get on the company's wireless network. Discouraged, Jeffery leaves the office and goes home.
The next day, Jeffery calls his friend who works with computers. His friend suggests that his IT department might have turned off SSID broadcasting, and that is why he could not see any wireless networks. How would Jeffrey access the wireless network?
A. Run WEPCrack tool and brute force the SSID hashes
B. Jam the wireless signal by launching denial of service attack
C. Sniff the wireless network and capture the SSID that is transmitted over the wire in plaintext
D. Attempt to connect using wireless device default SSIDs
Answer: C
Q240. Sniffing is considered an active attack.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Explanation: Sniffing is considered a passive attack.
