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Q491. The call center supervisor has reported that many employees have been playing preinstalled games on company computers and this is reducing productivity.
Which of the following would be MOST effective for preventing this behavior?
A. Acceptable use policies
B. Host-based firewalls
C. Content inspection
D. Application whitelisting
Answer: D
Explanation:
Application whitelisting is a form of application security which prevents any software from running on a system unless it is included on a preapproved exception list.
Q492. Mike, a network administrator, has been asked to passively monitor network traffic to the company’s sales websites. Which of the following would be BEST suited for this task?
A. HIDS
B. Firewall
C. NIPS
D. Spam filter
Answer: C
Explanation:
Network-based intrusion prevention system (NIPS) monitors the entire network for suspicious traffic by analyzing protocol activity.
Q493. Which of the following concepts is used by digital signatures to ensure integrity of the data?
A. Non-repudiation
B. Hashing
C. Transport encryption
D. Key escrow
Answer: B
Explanation:
Most digital signature implementations also use a hash to verify that the message has not been altered, intentionally or accidently, in transit.
Q494. A team of firewall administrators have access to a `master password list’ containing service account passwords. Which of the following BEST protects the master password list?
A. File encryption
B. Password hashing
C. USB encryption
D. Full disk encryption
Answer: A
Explanation:
File encryption can be used to protect the contents of individual files. It uses randomly generated symmetric encryption keys for the file and stores the key in an encrypted form using the user’s public key on the encrypted file.
Q495. Jane, a security administrator, needs to implement a secure wireless authentication method that uses a remote RADIUS server for authentication.
Which of the following is an authentication method Jane should use?
A. WPA2-PSK
B. WEP-PSK
C. CCMP
D. LEAP
Answer: D
Explanation:
A RADIUS server is a server with a database of user accounts and passwords used as a central authentication database for users requiring network access. The Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol (LEAP) is a proprietary wireless LAN authentication method developed by Cisco Systems. Important features of LEAP are dynamic WEP keys and mutual authentication (between a wireless client and a RADIUS server). LEAP allows for clients to reauthenticate frequently; upon each successful authentication, the clients acquire a new WEP key (with the hope that the WEP keys don't live long enough to be cracked). LEAP may be configured to use TKIP instead of dynamic WEP.
Q496. The Chief Security Officer (CSO) is concerned about misuse of company assets and wishes to determine who may be responsible. Which of the following would be the BEST course of action?
A. Create a single, shared user account for every system that is audited and logged based upon time of use.
B. Implement a single sign-on application on equipment with sensitive data and high-profile shares.
C. Enact a policy that employees must use their vacation time in a staggered schedule.
D. Separate employees into teams led by a person who acts as a single point of contact for observation purposes.
Answer: C
Explanation:
A policy that states employees should use their vacation time in a staggered schedule is a way of employing mandatory vacations. A mandatory vacation policy requires all users to take time away from work while others step in and do the work of that employee on vacation. This will afford the CSO the opportunity to see who is using the company assets responsibly and who is abusing it.
Q497. TION NO: 74
Which of the following can be used as an equipment theft deterrent?
A. Screen locks
B. GPS tracking
C. Cable locks
D. Whole disk encryption
Answer: C
Explanation:
Cable locks are theft deterrent devices that can be used to tether a device to a fixed point keep smaller devices from being easy to steal.
Q498. NO: 93
Multi-tenancy is a concept found in which of the following?
A. Full disk encryption
B. Removable media
C. Cloud computing
D. Data loss prevention
Answer: C
Explanation:
One of the ways cloud computing is able to obtain cost efficiencies is by putting data from various clients on the same machines. This “multitenant” nature means that workloads from different clients can be on the same system, and a flaw in implementation could compromise security.
Q499. An insurance company requires an account recovery process so that information created by an employee can be accessed after that employee is no longer with the firm. Which of the following is the BEST approach to implement this process?
A. Employee is required to share their password with authorized staff prior to leaving the firm
B. Passwords are stored in a reversible form so that they can be recovered when needed
C. Authorized employees have the ability to reset passwords so that the data is accessible
D. All employee data is exported and imported by the employee prior to them leaving the firm
Answer: C
Explanation:
Since a user’s password isn’t stored on most operating systems (only a hash value is kept), most operating systems allow the administrator (or authorized person in this case) to change the value then the information/files/documents can be accessed. This is the safest way of recovery by an authorized person and is not dependent on those who leave the firm.
Q500. Which of the following attacks could be used to initiate a subsequent man-in-the-middle attack?
A. ARP poisoning
B. DoS
C. Replay
D. Brute force
Answer: C
Explanation:
A replay attack (also known as playback attack) is a form of network attack in which a valid data transmission is maliciously or fraudulently repeated or delayed. This is carried out either by the originator or by an adversary who intercepts the data and retransmits it, possibly as part of a masquerade attack by IP packet substitution (such as stream cipher attack).
For example: Suppose Alice wants to prove her identity to Bob. Bob requests her password as proof of identity, which Alice dutifully provides (possibly after some transformation like a hash function); meanwhile, Eve is eavesdropping on the conversation and keeps the password (or the hash). After the interchange is over, Eve (posing as Alice) connects to Bob; when asked for a proof of identity, Eve sends Alice's password (or hash) read from the last session, which Bob accepts thus granting access to Eve.
Countermeasures: A way to avoid replay attacks is by using session tokens: Bob sends a one-time token to Alice, which Alice uses to transform the password and send the result to Bob (e.g. computing a hash function of the session token appended to the password). On his side Bob performs the same computation; if and only if both values match, the login is successful. Now suppose Eve has captured this value and tries to use it on another session; Bob sends a different session token, and when Eve replies with the captured value it will be different from Bob's computation. Session tokens should be chosen by a (pseudo-) random process. Otherwise Eve may be able to pose as Bob, presenting some predicted future token, and convince Alice to use that token in her transformation. Eve can then replay her reply at a later time (when the previously predicted token is actually presented by Bob), and Bob will accept the authentication. One-time passwords are similar to session tokens in that the password expires after it has been used or after a very short amount of time. They can be used to authenticate individual transactions in addition to sessions. The technique has been widely implemented in personal online banking systems. Bob can also send nonces but should then include a message authentication code (MAC), which Alice should check. Timestamping is another way of preventing a replay attack. Synchronization should be achieved using a secure protocol. For example Bob periodically broadcasts the time on his clock together with a MAC. When Alice wants to send Bob a message, she includes her best estimate of the time on his clock in her message, which is also authenticated. Bob only accepts messages for which the timestamp is within a reasonable tolerance. The advantage of this scheme is that Bob does not need to generate (pseudo-) random numbers, with the trade-off being that replay attacks, if they are performed quickly enough i.e. within that 'reasonable' limit, could succeed.
