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2021 Mar 400-101 practice test
Q181. Which two loop-prevention mechanisms are implemented in BGP? (Choose two.)
A. A route with its own AS in the AS_PATH is dropped automatically if the route reenters its own AS.
B. A route with its own cluster ID in the CLUSTER_LIST is dropped automatically when the route reenters its own AS.
C. The command bgp allowas-in enables a route with its own AS_PATH to be dropped when it reenters its own AS.
D. The command bgp bestpath as-path ignore enables the strict checking of AS_PATH so that they drop routes with their own AS in the AS_PATH.
E. The command bgp bestpath med missing-as-worst assigns the smallest possible MED, which directly prevents a loop.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
When dealing with the possibility of routing updates making their way back into an AS, BGP relies on the information in the AS_path for loop detection. An update that tries to make its way back into the AS it was originated from will be dropped by the border router. With the introduction of route reflectors, there is a potential for having routing loops within an AS. A routing update that leaves a cluster might find its way back inside the cluster. Loops inside the AS cannot be detected by the traditional AS_path approach because the routing updates have not left the AS yet. BGP offers two extra measures for loop avoidance inside an AS when route reflectors are configured.
Using an Originator ID
The originator ID is a 4-byte, optional, nontransitive BGP attribute (type code 9) that is created by the route reflector. This attribute carries the router ID of the originator of the route in the local AS. If, because of poor configuration, the update comes back to the originator, the originator ignores it.
Using a Cluster List
The cluster list is an optional, nontransitive BGP attribute (type code 10). Each cluster is represented with a cluster ID.
A cluster list is a sequence of cluster IDs that an update has traversed. When a route reflector sends a route from its clients to nonclients outside the cluster, it appends the local cluster ID to the cluster list. If the route reflector receives an update whose cluster list contains the local cluster ID, the update is ignored. This is basically the same concept as the AS_path list applied between the clusters inside the AS.
Reference: http://borg.uu3.net/cisco/inter_arch/page11.html
Q182. Which statement about OTV is true?
A. The overlay interface becomes active only when configuration is complete and it is manually enabled.
B. OTV data groups can operate only in PIM sparse-mode.
C. The overlay interface becomes active immediately when it is configured.
D. The interface facing the OTV groups must be configured with the highest MTU possible.
Answer: A
Explanation:
OTV has the following configuration guidelines and limitations:
. If the same device serves as the default gateway in a VLAN interface and the OTV edge device for the VLANs being extended, configure OTV on a device (VDC or switch) that is separate from the VLAN interfaces (SVIs).
. When possible, we recommend that you use a separate nondefault VDC for OTV to allow for better manageability and maintenance.
. An overlay interface will only be in an up state if the overlay interface configuration is complete and enabled (no shutdown). The join interface has to be in an up state.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/datacenter/sw/nx-os/OTV/config_guide/b_Cisco_Nexus_7000_Series_NX-OS_OTV_Configuration_Guide/basic-otv.html
Q183. Which two statements about HSRP are true? (Choose two.)
A. Its virtual MAC is 0000.0C07.Acxx.
B. Its multicast virtual MAC is 0000.5E00.01xx.
C. Its default configuration allows for pre-emption.
D. It supports tracking.
E. It supports unique virtual MAC addresses.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Default HSRP Configuration
Feature
Default Setting
HSRP version
Version 1
HSRP groups
None configured
Standby group number
0
Standby MAC address
System assigned as: 0000.0c07.acXX, where XX is the HSRP group number
Standby priority
100
Standby delay
0 (no delay)
Standby track interface priority
10
Standby hello time
3 seconds
Standby holdtime
10 seconds
. The standby track interface configuration command ties the router hot standby priority to the availability of its interfaces and is useful for tracking interfaces that are not configured for HSRP. When a tracked interface fails, the hot standby priority on the device on which tracking has been configured decreases by 10. If an interface is not tracked, its state changes do not affect the hot standby priority of the configured device. For each interface configured for hot standby, you can configure a separate list of interfaces to be tracked.
. The standby track interface-priority interface configuration command specifies how much to decrement the hot standby priority when a tracked interface goes down. When the interface comes back up, the priority is incremented by the same amount.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst3750x_3560x/software/release/1 2-2_55_se/configuration/guide/3750xscg/swhsrp.html
Q184. When BGP route reflectors are used, which attribute ensures that a routing loop is not created?
A. weight
B. local preference
C. multiexit discriminator
D. originator ID
Answer: D
Explanation:
As the iBGP learned routes are reflected, routing information may loop. The route reflector model has the following mechanisms to avoid routing loops:
. Originator ID is an optional, nontransitive BGP attribute. It is a 4-byte attributed created by a route reflector. The attribute carries the router ID of the originator of the route in the local autonomous system. Therefore, if a misconfiguration causes routing information to come back to the originator, the information is ignored.
. Cluster-list is an optional, nontransitive BGP attribute. It is a sequence of cluster IDs that the route has passed. When a route reflector reflects a route from its clients to nonclient peers, and vice versa, it appends the local cluster ID to the cluster-list. If the cluster-list is empty, a new cluster-list is created. Using this attribute, a route reflector can identify if routing information is looped back to the same cluster due to misconfiguration. If the local cluster ID is found in the cluster-list, the advertisement is ignored.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_2/ip/configuration/guide/fipr_c/1cfbgp.html
Q185. As a best practice, when a router is configured as an EIGRP Stub, which routes should be received from its distribution neighbor?
A. the default route
B. static routes
C. internal routes only
D. internal and external routes
Answer: A
Explanation:
Stub routing is commonly used in a hub and spoke network topology. In a hub and spoke network, one or more end (stub) networks are connected to a remote router (the spoke) that is connected to one or more distribution routers (the hub). The remote router is adjacent only to one or more distribution routers. The only route for IP traffic to follow into the remote router is through a distribution router. This type of configuration is commonly used in WAN topologies where the distribution router is directly connected to a WAN. The distribution router can be connected to many more remote routers. Often, the distribution router will be connected to 100 or more remote routers. In a hub and spoke topology, the remote router must forward all nonlocal traffic to a distribution router, so it becomes unnecessary for the remote router to hold a complete routing table. Generally, the distribution router need not send anything more than a default route to the remote router.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_0s/feature/guide/eigrpstb.html
Latest 400-101 pdf exam:
Q186. You are configuring a DMVPN spoke to use IPsec over a physical interface that is located within a VRF. For which three configuration sections must you specify the VRF name? (Choose three.)
A. the ISAKMP profile
B. the crypto keyring
C. the IPsec profile
D. the IPsec transform set
E. the tunnel interface
F. the physical interface
Answer: B,E,F
Explanation:
ip vrf forwardingvrf-name
Example:
Router(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding green
Associates a virtual private network (VPN) routing and forwarding (VRF) instance with an interface or subinterface.
. vrf-name is the name assigned to a VRF.
Router(config-if)# tunnel vrfvrf-name
Example:
Router(config-if)# tunnel vrf finance1
Associates a VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) instance with a specific tunnel destination. vrf-name is the name assigned to a VRF.
Router(config)# crypto keyringkeyring-name [vrf fvrf-name]
Defines a crypto keyring to be used during IKE authentication and enters keyring configuration mode.
. keyring-name—Name of the crypto keyring.
. fvrf-name—(Optional) Front door virtual routing and forwarding (FVRF) name to which the keyring will be referenced. fvrf-name must match the FVRF name that was defined during virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) configuration
Q187. Refer to the exhibit.
Which statement about the configuration is true?
A. This configuration is incorrect because the dialer interface number must be the same as the dialer pool number.
B. This configuration is missing an IP address on the dialer interface.
C. This configuration is incorrect because the MTU must match the ppp-max-payload that is defined.
D. This configuration represents a complete PPPoE client configuration on an Ethernet connection.
Answer: D
Q188. Which statement about the bgp soft-reconfig-backup command is true?
A. It requires BGP to store all inbound and outbound updates.
B. It overrides soft reconfiguration for devices that support inbound soft reconfiguration.
C. When the peer is unable to store updates, the updates are implemented immediately.
D. It provides soft reconfiguration capabilities for peers that are unable to support route refresh.
E. It provides outbound soft reconfiguration for peers.
Answer: D
Q189. DRAG DROP
Drag and drop the BGP attribute on the left to the correct category on the right.
Answer:
Q190. Which two are features of DMVPN? (Choose two.)
A. It does not support spoke routers behind dynamic NAT.
B. It requires IPsec encryption.
C. It only supports remote peers with statically assigned addresses.
D. It supports multicast traffic.
E. It offers configuration reduction.
Answer: D,E
Explanation:
DMVPN Hub-and-spoke deployment model: In this traditional topology, remote sites (spokes) are aggregated into a headend VPN device at the corporate headquarters (hub). Traffic from any remote site to other remote sites would need to pass through the headend device. Cisco DMVPN supports dynamic routing, QoS, and IP Multicast while significantly reducing the configuration effort.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/security/dynamic-multipoint-vpn-dmvpn/data_sheet_c78-468520.html
