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Q81. CORRECT TEXT
Boot your System Successfully on runlevel 3.
Answer and Explanation:
This is boot related problem. There will be same questions repeated two times but problem is different.
First When you restart the system you will get the Error:
mount: error 15 mounting ext3
mount: error 2 mounting none
switchroot: mount failed: 22
umount /initrd/dev/: 2
Kernel Panic: no syncing: Attempted to kill init !
This error occurred in your system before showing welcome redhat linux. That means problem in grub boot loader.
Restart the System
Check the grub boot loader configuration by pressing e shortcut key.
You will see like:
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL ro root= / rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img
OR
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL ro root=LABEL=/root rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img
Then Edit Boot loader to make like
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img
Check all lines and edit as same as above. Press b to boot the system
After booting the system you should correct the /etc/grub.conf file.
Q82. CORRECT TEXT
Dig Server1.example.com, Resolve to successfully through DNS Where DNS server is 172.24.254.254
Answer and Explanation:
#vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 172.24.254.254
# dig server1.example.com
#host server1.example.com
DNS is the Domain Name System, which maintains a database that can help your computer translate domain names such as www.redhat.com to IP addresses such as 216.148.218.197. As no individual DNS server is large enough to keep a database for the entire Internet, they can refer requests to other DNS servers.
DNS is based on the named daemon, which is built on the BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) package developed through the Internet Software Consortium Users wants to access by name so DNS will interpret the name into ip address. You need to specify the Address if DNS server in each and every client machine. In Redhat Enterprise Linux, you need to specify the DNS server into /etc/resolv.conf file.
After Specifying the DNS server address, you can verify using host, dig and nslookup commands.
Q83. CORRECT TEXT
Create the directory /data and group owner should be the sysadmin group.
Answer and Explanation:
1. chgrp sysadmin /data
2. Verify using ls -ld /data command. You should get like
drwxr-x--- 2 root sysadmin 4096 Mar 16 17:59 /data
chgrp command is used to change the group ownership of particular files or directory.
Another way you can use the chown command.
chown root:sysadmin /data
Q84. CORRECT TEXT
One User named peter working with you as your assistance. His main responsibility is to manager users. Give the privilege to run useradd, passwd, groupadd, userdel, groupdel, usermod command using sudo.
Answer and Explanation:
1. visudo
# User alias Specification
User_alias LIMITEDTRUST=peter
# Cmnd alias Specification
Cmnd_alias MINIMUM=/usr/sbin/useradd, /usr/bin/passwd, /usr/sbin/groupadd, /usr/sbin/userdel,
/usr/sbin/groupdel, /usr/sbin/usermod
# User Privilege Specification
LIMITEDTRUST ALL=MINIMUM
2. Login as peter user and run sudo useradd username
Using Sudo we can give root level privilege on commands. Visudo is the sudo editor. In user alias Specification we create the user alias and in Cmnd alias Specification, we create the command alias. In User Privilege Specification section, list the users, groups allowed to use the sudo.
Q85. CORRECT TEXT
Your Local Domain is example.com. Configure the send mail server for you local LAN. As well as enable the pop and pop secured protocol.
Answer and Explanation:
1. vi /etc/mail/local-host-names
example.com
2. vi /etc/mail/sendmail.mc
dnl # DEAMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtp,Addr=127.0.0.1,Name=MTA`)dnl
3. m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc >/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
4. vi /etc/mail/access
192.168.0 RELAY
example.com RELAY
5. service sendmail start | restart
6. chkconfig dovecot on
7. vi /etc/dovecot.conf
protocols = pop3 pop3s
8. service dovecot start | restart
9. chkconfig dovecot on
/etc/mail/local-host-names file contains the aliases to hostname. Mail server program reads the
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf. To change the configuration on mail server, we should edit the
/etc/mail/sendmail.mc file and should generate the sendmail.cf using m4 command.
By default sendmail server allows to connect to local host only. So we should edit the
/etc/mail/sendmail.mc file to allow connect to other hosts.
By default sendmail server will not forward mail. we should specify on /etc/mail/access to relay or to block mail coming from domain or network or individual email address.
By default dovecot service start only the imap protocol. To start pop protocol with dovecot, we should write in /etc/dovecot.conf file.
Q86. CORRECT TEXT
Create a RAID Device /dev/md0 by creating equal two disks from available free space on your harddisk and mount it on /data.
Answer and Explanation:
Redhat Enterprise Linux 5 Supports the RAID LEVEL 0, RAID LEVEL 1, RAID LEVEL 5 and RAID LEVEL 6 at installation time. You can create it at installation time later no need to type lots of commands for RAID.
At Installation Time:
ii. Create the partitions using diskdruid.
iii. Create the Partitions having File system Type Software RAID.
iv. Click on RAID button
v. Type the Mount Point
vi. Select File system type
vii. Select RAID Level
viii. Select Partitions/disks as a member of RAID.
viii. Click on ok
After Installation: We can create the RAID Device after Installation on command-line.
11. Create the Two partitions having equal size. (Specify the Size using Cylinder, find the
remaining cylinder and divide by 2).
12. Change the Partition ID to fd (Linux raid Autodetect) by typing t.
13. Type w à To write on partitions table.
14. Use partprobe command to synchronic the partition table.
15. Use: mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/hda? /dev/hda?
16. Verify the RAID: mdadm --detail /dev/md0
17. mkfs -t ext3 /dev/md0
18. mount /dev/md0 /data
19. vi /etc/fstab
/dev/md0 /data ext3 defaults 0 0
20. Verify mounting devices using mount command.
Q87. CORRECT TEXT
You are working as a System Administrator at Certkiller. Your Linux Server crashed and you lost every data. But you had taken the full backup of user's home directory and other System Files on /dev/st0, how will you restore from that device?
Answer and Explanation:
1. Go to on that directory where you want to restore.
2. restore -rf /dev/st0
To restore from backup we use the restore command. Here backup will restore from /dev/st0 on current Directory.
Q88. CORRECT TEXT
There is a HTTP server 192.168.0.254 and all required packages are dumped in /var/www/html/rhel5 of that server. Install the Redhat Enterprise Linux 5 by creating following partitions:
/ 1000
/boot 200
/home 1000
/var 1000
/usr 4000
swap 2X256 (RAM SIZE)
Answer and Explanation:
Note: Examiner will provide you the Installation startup CD. And here mentioned size may vary see on the exam paper.
1. Insert the CD on CD-ROM and start the system.
2. In Boot: Prompt type linux askmethod
3. It will display the Language, keyboard selection.
4. It will ask you for the installation method.
5. Select the HTTP from the list
6. It will ask the IP Address, Net mask, Gateway and Name Server. Select Use
Dynamic IP Configuration: because DHCP Server will be configured in your exam lab.
7. It will ask for the Web site name and Redhat Enterprise Linux Directory.
Specify the HTTP Server: 192.168.0.254
Directory: rhel5 à Because Default Directory for http is /var/www/html
8. After Connecting to the HTTP Server Installation start. Go upto the partition screen by selecting the different Options.
9. Create the partition According to the Question because Size and what-what partition should you create at installation time is specified in your question
10. Then select the MBR Options, time zone and go upto package selections.
It is another Most Important Time of installation. Due to the time limit, you should be care about the installation packages. At Exam time you these packages are enough.
X-Window System
GNOME Desktop
(these two packages are generally not required)
Administration Tools.
System Tools
Windows File Server
FTP Servers
Mail Servers
Web Servers
Network Servers
Editors
Text Based Internet
Server Configuration Tools
Printing Supports
When installation will complete, your system will reboot. Jump for another Question.
Q89. CORRECT TEXT
You have a ftp server having IP address 192.168.0.254. Using iptables, allow the ftp connection only from the internal network where internal network is 192.168.0.0/24.
Answer and Explanation:
1. iptables -t filter -A INPUT -s ! 192.168.0.0/24 -p tcp -d 192.168.0.254 --dport 20 -j DROP
2. iptables -t filter -A INPUT -s ! 192.168.0.0/24 -p tcp -d 192.168.0.254 --dport 21 -j DROP
iptables is the build-in firewall tools, used to filter the packets and for nat. By identifying Source Address, Destination Address, type of protocol, source and destination port we can filter the packets.
-sà Source Address
-dà Destination Address
-p à Layer 3 Protocol
-dàDestination Address
--sportà Source Prot
--dportàDestination Port
-ià Incoming Interface
-oà Outgoing Interface
-t à Table either filter or nat or mangle
-Aà Chain can be either INPUT, OUTPUT, FORWARD, PREROUTING, POSTROUTING.
Q90. CORRECT TEXT
You are an Administrator of example.com domain. You need to configure the DNS for www.example.com by providing the round-robin load balancing. You should load balance to 5 hosts for www having IP: 192.100.0.1, 192.100.0.2, 192.100.0.3, 192.100.0.4 and 192.100.0.5.
Where DNS is 192.100.0.X (X is your DNS Server).
Answer and Explanation:
1. Rename the file named.caching-nameserver.conf into named.conf file located into
/var/named/chroot/etc
#mv /var/named/chroot/etc/named.caching-nameserver.conf /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
2. Check the permission and ownership as well as SELinux Context should be like as:
-rw-r----- root named system_u:object_r:named_conf_t /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
If selinux context is mismatch use the restorecon -R /var command
3. vi /etc/named.conf
zone "example.com" IN {
type master;
file "example.com.zone";
};
/var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf file is used to register the zone as well as specify the global option for DNS server. There are two types of zone, i. Master, which contains the original data. ii.
Slave, backup of master. Here is the example of master zone configuration.
4. vi /var/named/chroot/var/named/example.com.zone
$TTL 345345
@ IN SOA @ webmaster.example.com.(
101; Serial Number
1H; Refresh Time
1M; Retry Time
1W; Expire Time
1D; Minimum Time to Live
)
@ IN NS 192.100.0.X
www 0 IN A 192.100.0.1
www 0 IN A 192.100.0.2
www 0 IN A 192.100.0.3
www 0 IN A 192.100.0.4
www 0 IN A 192.100.0.5
3. service named start
4. rndc reload
5. chkconfig named on
6. Check the permission as well as SELinux Context should like this:
-rw-r--r-- root named root:object_r:named_zone_t
/var/named/chroot/var/named/example.com.zone
If selinux context is mismatch use the restorecon -R /var command
7. service named start
8. rndc reload
9. chkconfig named on
Zone file should create on /var/named/chroot/var/named. Default Directory Path is specified on
/var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf file.
$TTLàTime To Live, How much seconds cache server stores the information about DNS. And Five Parameters specified Serial Number used by slave to synchronize with master server. Refresh and Retry Time used by slave server. NS is the Name (DNS) server where lookup the domain. A (Associated IP) for particular host.