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Q21. CORRECT TEXT
Boot your System Successfully on runlevel 3.
Answer and Explanation:
This is boot related problem. There will be same questions repeated two times but problem is different.
First When you restart the system you will get the Error:
mount: error 15 mounting ext3
mount: error 2 mounting none
switchroot: mount failed: 22
umount /initrd/dev/: 2
Kernel Panic: no syncing: Attempted to kill init !
This error occurred in your system before showing welcome redhat linux. That means problem in grub boot loader.
Restart the System
Check the grub boot loader configuration by pressing e shortcut key.
You will see like:
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL ro root= / rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img
OR
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL ro root=LABEL=/root rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img
Then Edit Boot loader to make like
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img
Check all lines and edit as same as above. Press b to boot the system
After booting the system you should correct the /etc/grub.conf file.
Q22. CORRECT TEXT
You have a domain in your LAN named example.com and my133t.org. Allow the
- Allow the FTP connection only from local domain.
- Deny the FTP connection from my133t.org
Answer and Explanation:
1. vi /etc/hosts.deny
vsftpd:ALL EXCEPT .example.com
or
1. vi /etc/hosts.deny
vsftpd:ALL
2. vi /etc/hosts.allow
vsftpd:.example.com
We can secure the services using tcp_wrappers. There are main two files, /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny.
There will be three stage access checking
- Is access explicitly permitted? Means permitted from /etc/hosts.allow?
- Otherwise, Is access explicitly denied? Means denied from /etc/hosts.deny?
- Otherwise, by default permit access if neither condition matched.
To deny the services we can configure /etc/hosts.deny file using ALL and EXCEPT operation.
Pattern of /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny file is:
Demon_list:client_list:options
In Client list can be either domain name or IP address.
Q23. CORRECT TEXT
Add a user named user4 and make primarily belongs to training group. As well account should expire on 30 days from today.
Answer and Explanation:
useradd usernamepasswd usernameusermod -e "date"
example: usermod -e "12 Feb 2006" user4
Verify: chage -l user4
Q24. CORRECT TEXT
You are administrator of Certkiller network. First time you are going to take the full backup of all user's home directory. Take the full backup of /home on /tmp/back file.
Answer and Explanation:
1. dump -0u -f /tmp/back /dev/hda4
dump is the standard backup utility. According to the questions, fullback should take. -0 means fullback, -u means update the /etc/dumpdates which maintains the backup record and -f means filename. If you are directly taking backup into other device, you can specify the device name.
i.e dump -0u -f /dev/st0 /dev/hda4. Where hda4 is a separate partition mounted on /home.
Q25. CORRECT TEXT
Whoever creates the file on /data make automatically owner group should be the group owner of /data directory.
Answer and Explanation:
When user creates the file/directory, user owner will be user itself and group owner will be the primary group of the user.
There is one Special Permission SGID bit, when you set the SGID bit on directory,When users creates the file/directory automatically owner group will be same as a parent directory.
9. chmod g+s /data
10. Verify using: ls -ld /data
You will get: drwxrws---
Q26. CORRECT TEXT
One New Kernel is released named kernel-hugemem. Kernel is available on ftp://server1.example.com under pub directory for anonymous. Install the Kernel and make previous new kernel is default to boot System.
Answer and Explanation:
1. rpm -ivh ftp://server1.example.com/pub/kernel-hugemem-*
2. vi /etc/grub.conf
Set the default to new kernel
default=0
Example of /etc/grub.conf
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.6.9-5.ELhugemem)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.ELhugemem ro root=LABEL=/1 rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-5.ELhugemem.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.6.9-5.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL ro root=LABEL=/1 rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img
rpm command is used to install, update and remove the rpm package. -ivh option is install,
verbose, and display the hash mark.
Q27. CORRECT TEXT
Make Successfully Resolve to server1.example.com where DNS Server is 192.168.0.254.
Answer and Explanation:
1. vi /etc/resolv.conf
Write : nameserver 192.168.0.254
Q28. CORRECT TEXT
You are working as an administrator of example.com domain. There are five web servers( www), three mail servers(mail1, mail2, mail). Configure the DNS for www, mail, mail1, mail2 by specifying mail.example.com is the Primary Mail Server for example.com domain. Where 192.168.100.1-5 for www, 6,7,8 for mail, mail1, m ail2 and 192.168.0.X for DNS.
Answer and Explanation:
1. Rename the file named.caching-nameserver.conf into named.conf file located into
/var/named/chroot/etc
#mv /var/named/chroot/etc/named.caching-nameserver.conf /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
2. Check the permission and ownership as well as SELinux Context should be like as:
-rw-r----- root named system_u:object_r:named_conf_t /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
If selinux context is mismatch use the restorecon -R /var command
3. vi /etc/named.conf
zone "example.com" IN {
type master;
file "example.com.zone";
};
/var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf file is used to register the zone as well as specify the global option for DNS server. There are two types of zone, i. Master, which contains the original data. ii.
Slave, backup of master. Here is the example of master zone configuration.
4. vi /var/named/chroot/var/named/example.com.zone
$TTL 345345
@ IN SOA @ webmaster.example.com.(
101; Serial Number
1H; Refresh Time
1M; Retry Time
1W; Expire Time
1D; Minimum Time to Live
)
@ IN NS 192.100.0.X
www 0 IN A 192.100.0.1
www 0 IN A 192.100.0.2
www 0 IN A 192.100.0.3
www 0 IN A 192.100.0.4
www 0 IN A 192.100.0.5
mail IN A 192.100.0.6
mail1 IN A 192.100.0.7
mail2 IN A 192.100.0.8
@ IN MX 5 mail.example.com.
@ IN MX 8 mail1.example.com.
@ IN MX 10 mail2.example.com.
3. service named start
4. rndc reload
5. chkconfig named on
6. Check the permission as well as SELinux Context should like this:
-rw-r--r-- root named root:object_r:named_zone_t
/var/named/chroot/var/named/example.com.zone
If selinux context is mismatch use the restorecon -R /var command
7. service named start
8. rndc reload
9. chkconfig named on
Zone file should create on /var/named/chroot/var/named. Default Directory Path is specified on
/var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf file.
$TTLàTime To Live, How much seconds cache server stores the information about DNS. And Five Parameters specified Serial Number used by slave to synchronize with master server. Refresh and Retry Time used by slave server. NS is the Name (DNS) server where lookup the domain. A (Associated IP) for particular host.
DNS has mechanism to load balance the request from clients. You can verify using host www.example.com command. MX resource records are used to define mail handler or exchanger for the domain. MX record must pass the positive integer value. This integer value is used by remote Mail Transport Agent (MTA) to determine, which host has delivery priority for the zone. The Lowest integer value will get the priority.
Q29. CORRECT TEXT
Make Successfully Resolve to server1.example.com where DNS Server is 192.168.0.254.
Answer and Explanation:
1. vi /etc/resolv.conf
Write: nameserver 192.168.0.254
Q30. CORRECT TEXT
You are giving RHCE exam. Examiner gave you the Boot related problem and told to you that make successfully boot the System. When you started the system, System automatically asking the root password for maintenance. How will you fix that problem?
Answer and Explanation:
Maintenance mode also known as emergency mode. System boots on emergency mode when file system error occurred. It is due to unknown partition, bad filesystem specified in /etc/fstab. To slove follow the steps
1. Give the Root password
2. fdisk -l à Verify the Number of parations.
3. Identify the Root partition, e2label /dev/hda1, e2label /dev/hda2.....
4. Remount the root partation on rw mode: mount -o remount,defaults /dev/hda6 /
5. vi /etc/fstab
Correct all partitions, mount point, mount options, file system etc.
6. Press ctrl+d
