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Q1. A network administrator is troubleshooting a DMVPN setup between the hub and the spoke. Which action should the administrator take before troubleshooting the IPsec configuration?
A. Verify the GRE tunnels.
B. Verify ISAKMP.
C. Verify NHRP.
D. Verify crypto maps.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Q2. Scenario:
You have been asked to evaluate an OSPF network setup in a test lab and to answer questions a customer has about its operation. The customer has disabled your access to the show running-config command.
Areas of Router 5 and 6 are not normal areas, inspect their routing tables and determine which statement is true?
A. R5's Loopback and R6's Loopback are both present in R5's Routing table
B. R5's Loopback and R6's Loopback are both present in R6's Routing table
C. Only R5's loopback is present in R5's Routing table
D. Only R6's loopback is present in R5's Routing table
E. Only R5's loopback is present in R6's Routing table
Answer: A
Explanation:
Topic 4, VPN Technologies
45. A company has just opened two remote branch offices that need to be connected to the corporate network. Which interface configuration output can be applied to the corporate router to allow communication to the remote sites?
A. interface Tunnel0
bandwidth 1536
ip address 209.165.200.230 255.255.255.224
tunnel source Serial0/0
tunnel mode gre multipoint
B. interface fa0/0
bandwidth 1536
ip address 209.165.200.230 255.255.255.224
tunnel mode gre multipoint
C. interface Tunnel0
bandwidth 1536
ip address 209.165.200.231 255.255.255.224
tunnel source 209.165.201.1
tunnel-mode dynamic
D. interface fa 0/0
bandwidth 1536
ip address 209.165.200.231 255.255.255.224
tunnel source 192.168.161.2
tunnel destination 209.165.201.1
tunnel-mode dynamic
Answer: A
Explanation:
The configuration of mGRE allows a tunnel to have multiple destinations. The configuration of
mGRE on one side of a tunnel does not have any relation to the tunnel properties that might exist tunnel
source Serial0/0 tunnel mode gre multipoint
B. interface fa0/0 bandwidth 1536 ip address 209.165.200.230 255.255.255.224 tunnel mode gre
multipoint
C. interface Tunnel0 bandwidth 1536 ip address 209.165.200.231 255.255.255.224 tunnel source
209.165.201.1 tunnel-mode dynamic
D. interface fa 0/0 bandwidth 1536 ip address 209.165.200.231 255.255.255.224 tunnel source
192.168.161.2 tunnel destination 209.165.201.1 tunnel-mode dynamic
Answer: A Explanation: The configuration of mGRE allows a tunnel to have multiple destinations. The
configuration of mGRE on one side of a tunnel does not have any relation to the tunnel properties that
might exist at the exit points. This means that an mGRE tunnel on the hub may connect to a p2p tunnel on
the branch. Conversely, a p2p GRE tunnel may connect to an mGRE tunnel. The distinguishing feature
between an mGRE interface and a p2p GRE interface is the tunnel destination. An mGRE interface does
not have a configured destination. Instead the GRE tunnel is configured with the command tunnel mode
gre multipoint. This command is used instead of the tunnel destination x.x.x.x found with p2p GRE tunnels.
Besides allowing for multiple destinations, an mGRE tunnel requires NHRP to resolve the tunnel
endpoints. Note, tunnel interfaces by default are point-to-point (p-p) using GRE encapsulation, effectively they have the tunnel mode gre command, which is not seen in the configuration because it is the default.
The mGRE configuration is as follows: ! interface Tunnel0 bandwidth 1536 ip address 10.62.1.10
255.255.255.0 tunnel source Serial0/0 tunnel mode gre multipoint Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/
us/td/docs/solutions/Enterprise/WAN_and_MAN/DMVPDG/DMVP N_2_Phase2.html
Q3. Which type of BGP AS number is 64591?
A. a private AS number
B. a public AS number
C. a private 4-byte AS number
D. a public 4-byte AS number
Answer: A
Explanation:
Q4. Which Cisco VPN technology can use multipoint tunnel, resulting in a single GRE tunnel interface on the hub, to support multiple connections from multiple spoke devices?
A. DMVPN
B. GETVPN
C. Cisco Easy VPN
D. FlexVPN
Answer: A
Explanation:
Q5. A network engineer is notified that several employees are experiencing network performance related issues, and bandwidth-intensive applications are identified as the root cause. In order to identify which specific type of traffic is causing this slowness, information such as the source/destination IP and Layer 4 port numbers is required. Which feature should the engineer use to gather the required information?
A. SNMP
B. Cisco IOS EEM
C. NetFlow
D. Syslog
E. WCCP
Answer: C
Explanation:
NetFlow Flows Key Fields
A network flow is identified as a unidirectional stream of packets between a given source and destination--
both are defined by a network-layer IP address and
transport-layer source and destination port numbers. Specifically, a flow is identified as the combination of
the following key fields:
Source IP address
Destination IP address
Source Layer 4 port number
Destination Layer 4 port number
Layer 3 protocol type
Type of service (ToS)
Input logical interface Reference: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/12-4t/
cfg-nflow- data-expt.html
Q6. A packet capture log indicates that several router solicitation messages were sent from a local host on the IPv6 segment. What is the expected acknowledgment and its usage?
A. Router acknowledgment messages will be forwarded upstream, where the DHCP server will allocate addresses to the local host.
B. Routers on the IPv6 segment will respond with an advertisement that provides an external path from the local subnet, as well as certain data, such as prefix discovery.
C. Duplicate Address Detection will determine if any other local host is using the same IPv6 address for communication with the IPv6 routers on the segment.
D. All local host traffic will be redirected to the router with the lowest ICMPv6 signature, which is statically defined by the network administrator.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Router Advertisements (RA) are sent in response to router solicitation messages. Router
solicitation messages, which have a value of 133 in the Type field of the ICMP packet header, are sent by
hosts at system startup so that the host can immediately autoconfigure without needing to wait for the next
scheduled RA message. Given that router solicitation messages are usually sent by hosts at system
startup (the host does not have a configured unicast address), the source address in router solicitation
messages is usually the unspecified IPv6 address (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0). If the host has a configured unicast
address, the unicast address of the interface sending the router solicitation message is used as the source
address in the message. The destination address in router solicitation messages is the all-routers multicast
address with a scope of the link. When an RA is sent in response to a router solicitation, the destination
address in the RA message is the unicast address of the source of the router solicitation message. RA
messages typically include the following information:
One or more onlink IPv6 prefixes that nodes on the local link can use to automatically configure their IPv6
addresses
Lifetime information for each prefix included in the advertisement
Sets of flags that indicate the type of autoconfiguration (stateless or stateful) that can be completed
Default router information (whether the router sending the advertisement should be used as a default
router and, if so, the amount of time (in seconds) the router should be used as a default router)
Additional information for hosts, such as the hop limit and MTU a host should use in packets that it
originates Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/ipv6/configuration/guide/12_4t/
ipv6_12_4t_book/ip6- addrg_bsc_con.html
Q7. Refer to the exhibit.
A network administrator checks this adjacency table on a router. What is a possible cause for the incomplete marking?
A. incomplete ARP information
B. incorrect ACL
C. dynamic routing protocol failure
D. serial link congestion
Answer: A
Explanation:
To display information about the Cisco Express Forwarding adjacency table or the hardware Layer 3-
switching adjacency table, use the show adjacency command.
Reasons for Incomplete Adjacencies
There are two known reasons for an incomplete adjacency:
The router cannot use ARP successfully for the next-hop interface.
After a clear ip arp or a clear adjacency command, the router marks the adjacency as incomplete. Then it
fails to clear the entry.
In an MPLS environment, IP CEF should be enabeled for Label Switching. Interface level command ip
route-cache cef No ARP Entry When CEF cannot locate a valid adjacency for a destination prefix, it punts
the packets to the CPU for ARP resolution and, in turn, for completion of the adjacency.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/express-forwarding-cef/17812-cefincomp.
html#t4
Q8. Refer to the following access list.
access-list 100 permit ip any any log
After applying the access list on a Cisco router, the network engineer notices that the router CPU utilization has risen to 99 percent. What is the reason for this?
A. A packet that matches access-list with the "log" keyword is Cisco Express Forwarding switched.
B. A packet that matches access-list with the "log" keyword is fast switched.
C. A packet that matches access-list with the "log" keyword is process switched.
D. A large amount of IP traffic is being permitted on the router.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Logging-enabled access control lists (ACLs) provide insight into traffic as it traverses the
network or is dropped by network devices. Unfortunately, ACL logging can be CPU intensive and can
negatively affect other functions of the network device. There are two primary factors that contribute to the
CPU load increase from ACL logging: process switching of packets that match log-enabled access control
entries (ACEs) and the generation and transmission of log messages. Reference: http://www.cisco.com/
web/about/security/intelligence/acl-logging.html#4
Q9. An organization decides to implement NetFlow on its network to monitor the fluctuation of traffic that is disrupting core services. After reviewing the output of NetFlow, the network engineer is unable to see OUT traffic on the interfaces. What can you determine based on this information?
A. Cisco Express Forwarding has not been configured globally.
B. NetFlow output has been filtered by default.
C. Flow Export version 9 is in use.
D. The command ip flow-capture fragment-offset has been enabled.
Answer: A
Explanation:
We came across a recent issue where a user setup a router for NetFlow export but was unable to see the
OUT traffic for the interfaces in NetFlow Analyzer. Every NetFlow configuration aspect was checked and
nothing incorrect was found. That is when we noticed the `no ip cef' command on the router. CEF was
enabled at the global level and within seconds, NetFlow Analyzer started showing OUT traffic for the
interfaces. This is why this topic is about Cisco Express Forwarding.
What is switching?
A Router must make decisions about where to forward the packets passing through. This decision-making
process is called "switching". Switching is what a router does when it makes the following decisions:
1.Whether to forward or not forward the packets after checking that the destination for the packet is
reachable.
2.If the destination is reachable, what is the next hop of the router and which interface will the router use to
get to that destination.
What is CEF?
CEF is one of the available switching options for Cisco routers. Based on the routing table, CEF creates its
own table, called the Forwarding Information Base (FIB). The FIB is organized differently than the routing
table and CEF uses the FIB to decide which interface to send traffic from. CEF offers the following
benefits:
1.Better performance than fast-switching (the default) and takes less CPU to perform the same task.
2.When enabled, allows for advanced features like NBAR
3.Overall, CEF can switch traffic faster than route-caching using fast-switching
How to enable CEF?
CEF is disabled by default on all routers except the 7xxx series routers. Enabling and Disabling CEF is
easy. To enable CEF, go into global configuration mode and
enter the CEF command.
Router# config t
Router(config)# ip cef
Router(config)#
To disable CEF, simply use the `no' form of the command, ie. `no ip cef`.
Why CEF Needed when enabling NetFlow ?
CEF is a prerequisite to enable NetFlow on the router interfaces. CEF decides through which interface
traffic is exiting the router. Any NetFlow analyzer product will calculate the OUT traffic for an interface
based on the Destination Interface value present in the NetFlow packets exported from the router. If the
CEF is disabled on the router, the NetFlow packets exported from the router will have "Destination
interface" as "null" and this leads NetFlow Analyzer to show no OUT traffic for the interfaces. Without
enabling the CEF on the router, the NetFlow packets did not mark the destination interfaces and so
NetFlow Analyzer was not able to show the OUT traffic for the interfaces. Reference: https://
blogs.manageengine.com/network-2/netflowanalyzer/2010/05/19/need-for-cef- in-netflow-data-export.html
Q10. Which three items can you track when you use two time stamps with IP SLAs? (Choose three.)
A. delay
B. jitter
C. packet loss
D. load
E. throughput
F. path
Answer: A,B,C
